A New Explanation for the Nature of Energy and Force in the Universe Part B: Force

In a magnet, magnetic flux propagates externally from the North pole to the South pole and returns internally from the South pole to the North pole, thereby establishing a closed circulatory loop. It is posited that this magnetic flux is composed of helical photons that are cyclically interconnected and exhibit properties analogous to a spring.

From this perspective, magnetic force can be understood as a manifestation of these spring-like magnetic fluxes, which are capable of exerting counter-forces when subjected to external loads. The proposed model for magnetic flux is, therefore, a chain of helical photons exhibiting oscillatory, spring-like behaviour. A collection of such entangled photons can manifest this reciprocating motion.

An analogous model can be postulated for the gravitational force, which primarily differs from magnetism in its significantly higher frequency.

Similarly, the fundamental nature of the Coulomb force may be described by a structure composed of interwoven photons, albeit on a much smaller scale than that associated with the gravitational force. As previously theorised, the strong and weak nuclear forces can be regarded as manifestations of the Coulomb force, originating from the specific spatial arrangements of protons and neutrons within the atomic nucleus.

Conclusion:

Consequently, it can be inferred that all forces in nature are composed of interconnected and interacting photons. Under varying spatial and temporal conditions, these photon constructs can manifest as different types of forces. In essence, force itself is a construct of these interwoven photons. The specific dynamics, coupling, and structural configuration of these photons are what differentiate and give rise to the various forces observed in nature.

References:

[1] Saleh, Gh. "A New Explanation for the Nature of Energy and Force in the Universe Part A: Energy." Saleh Theory, 04 Jul. 2025, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/a-new-explanation-for-the-nature-of-energy-and-force-in-the-universe-part-a-energy

[2] Saleh, Gh. "New Explanation Concerning Photon Constants Part A | 7 strong reasons that demonstrate the mass of photon is constant." Saleh Theory, 28 Jun. 2025, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/new-explanation-concerning-photon-constants-part-a-br-7-strong-reasons-that-demonstrate-the-mass-of-photon-is-constant

[3] Saleh, Gh. "Calculation of Gravitational Wave Frequency in the Universe." Saleh Theory, 08 Jun. 2025, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/calculation-of-gravitational-wave-frequency-in-the-universe

[4] Saleh, Gh. "A New Insight into the Structure and Mechanism of Gravity." 24th Eastern Gravity Meeting. 2025.

[5] Saleh, Gh. " A New Perspective on the Structure, Model, and Mechanism of Gravity." 41st Jim Isenberg Pacific Coast Gravity Meeting. 2025.

[6] Saleh, Gh. "A New Proof of the Constancy of Photon Mass Using Its Initial Energy." Saleh Theory, 06 Mar. 2025, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/a-new-proof-of-the-constancy-of-photon-mass-using-its-initial-energy

[7] Saleh, Gh. "Discovery of the Hundred-Year-Old Lost Mathematical and Physical Relationship Between the Classical Kinetic Energy of Photons and Planck's Everlasting Experimental Equation in the Universe (Planck-Saleh Energy Equation)." Saleh Theory, 28 Jun. 2024, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/discovery-of-the-hundred-year-old-lost-mathematical-and-physical-relationship-between-the-classical-kinetic-energy-of-photons-and-plancks-everlasting-experimental-equation-in-the-universe-planck-saleh-energy-equation

[8] Saleh, Gh. "Discovering the True Nature of Forces and Energies (The Unity of All of Them)." APS March Meeting Abstracts. Vol. 2024. 2024.

[9] Saleh, Gh. "Proving the Source of Gravity Using the Big Bang Phenomenon and Magnetic Phenomena." APS Meeting Abstracts. 2024.

[10] Saleh, Gh. "Gravity and Its New, Marvelous and Revolutionary Discoveries." Frontiers in Cosmology and Gravitational Physics 2024 (2024): E1.4.

[11] Saleh, Gh. "Magnetic-Gravity." TEXAS symposium 2024. 2024.

[12] Saleh, Gh. "New Explanation for the Source of Gravity and Its Fluxes." APS March Meeting Abstracts. Vol. 2024. 2024.

[13] Saleh, Gh. "Photon Could Have the Rest Mass." 2023 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Power Engineering (AIPE). IEEE, 2023.

[14] Saleh, Gh. "New, Marvelous and Revolutionary Discoveries About Photon." Saleh Theory, 07 Sep. 2023, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/new-marvelous-and-revolutionary-discoveries-about-photon

[15] Saleh, Gh. "New Calculation of Frequency and Energy of Magnetic Fields With Scientific Experiment, Nature, and Its Structural Model." Saleh Theory, 23 Sep. 2023, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/new-calculation-of-frequency-and-energy-of-magnetic-fields-with-scientific-experiment-nature-and-its-structural-model

[16] Saleh, Gh. "Proving the Helical Motion of the Photon With Ten Reasons." APS New England Section Fall Meeting Abstracts. 2023.

[17] Saleh, Gh. "The Helical Motion of Photons; The Proof of Wave-Particle Duality of Photons." APS Meeting Abstracts. 2023.

[18] Saleh, Gh. "New Explanation for Structure of Gravity and Its Model by Using Magnetic Field Models." 23rd Eastern Gravity Meeting 2023. 2023.

[19] Saleh, Gh. "New Discoveries about the Magnetic Fields." APS Meeting Abstracts. 2023.

[20] Saleh, Gh. "A New Explanation for the Structure of Gravity and Magnetic Fields." APS Meeting Abstracts. 2023.

[21] Saleh, Gh. "A new explanation for the nature, structure, etc. of gravity in the universe." The 84th Japan Society of Applied Physics (JSAP) Autumn Meeting 2023. 2023.

[22] Saleh, Gh. "How gravity is created, its models, structure, performance and equations, etc." Virtual Conference on Condensed Matter Physics (ISCMP2023. 2023.

[23] Saleh, Gh. "New Marvelous and Revolutionary Discoveries About Gravity." Saleh Theory, 08 Nov. 2023, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/new-marvelous-and-revolutionary-discoveries-about-gravity

[24] Saleh, Gh. "Proving the rotational motion of the photon using the photon energy equation." APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Meeting Abstracts. Vol. 2023. 2023.

[25] Saleh, Gh. "10 Great Reasons for Helical Motion of Photon." APS Meeting Abstracts. 2022.

[26] Saleh, Gh. "Discovering the True Nature of Forces and Energies (The Unity of All of Them)." Saleh Theory, 04 Aug. 2022, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/discovering-the-true-nature-of-forces-and-energies-the-unity-of-all-of-them

[27] Saleh, Gh. "New Discoveries about the Magnetic Fields." Saleh Theory, 04 Jan. 2022, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/new-discoveries-about-the-magnetic-fields

[28] Saleh, Gh. "New Calculation of Gravity Frequency in Solar Systems." APS Meeting Abstracts. Vol. 2021. 2021.

[29] Saleh, Gh. "New Discoveries About Gravity?!!! 2." Saleh Theory, 12 Dec. 2021, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/new-discoveries-about-gravity-2

[30] Saleh, Gh. "New Discoveries About Gravity?!!!." Saleh Theory, 07 Nov. 2021, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/new-discoveries-about-gravity

[31] Saleh, Gh, et al. "3 Dimensional Motion of Photon and Its Energy." EPJ Web of Conferences. Vol. 238. EDP Sciences, 2020.

[32] Saleh, Gh. "Photon has a Constant Rest Mass!." Saleh Theory, 16 Mar. 2018, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/photon-has-a-constant-rest-mass