A New Proof of Photon Velocity (V_T = 3.3 C) Utilising Ever-True Planck Energy Equation and Kinetic Energy Equation in the Universe 2025 Part B

As we mentioned in previous articles, photons have constant rest-mass (m_p) and velocity, and their kinetic energy equation can be written as follows:

In this equation, we calculate the energy value for the photon's velocity being equal to C:

On the other hand, according to Planck's equation, the energy of electromagnetic waves (including the visible light spectrum) is as follows:

If the used velocity (C) were correct, the kinetic energy of the photon would be the same as the energy obtained from Planck's experimental equation. Although we all know that this relationship doesn't hold, for instance let's try it for green light with a frequency of 600 THz:

Therefore, the velocity C cannot be the true velocity of a photon, and the total velocity must be different.

In Part A, we showed and proved that the velocity of a photon is V_T = 3.3 C and thus the energy equation becomes:

Furthermore, in previous articles, we demonstrated that electromagnetic waves have both linear and rotational motion, and consequently, the total energy of a photon is as follows:

Although the sum of these two energies is always constant, the ratio of rotational to linear energy is different for waves with different frequencies. We also proved that in green light with a frequency of 600 THz, these two parts are approximately equal:

On the other hand, according to Planck's equation, the energy of electromagnetic waves (including the visible light spectrum) is as follows:

This energy equation represents the linear contribution of energy; therefore, for green light, we have:

Therefore, the defined velocity V_T = 3.3C is correct for photons, and the energy value obtained from the kinetic energy equation will be the same as the energy value from Planck's experimental equation. Although, in previous articles, we showed that Planck's energy equation always represents the linear part of the energy, and if we want to consider the general relationship, the following relations can be written:

For instance, for visible spectrum we have:

Given that the energy from Plank’s equation and kinetic energy equation are equal, and considering that Planck's experimental equation is always specifically constant and known, the total velocity of photons is indeed 3.3 C.

References:

[1] Planck, Max. "Zur theorie des gesetzes der energieverteilung im normalspektrum." Berlin (1900): 237-245.

[2] Planck, Max. Über das gesetz der energieverteilung im normalspektrum. Vieweg+ Teubner Verlag, 1978.

[3] Saleh, Gh. "New Proof of Photon Velocity (V_T = 3.3 C) Utilising Mathematical Equations, Physical Laws and the Experiments of MIT and Michigan University in the Universe 2025 Part A." Saleh Theory, 26 Apr. 2025, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/a-new-proof-of-photon-velocity-vsubtsub-33-c-utilising-mathematical-equations-physical-laws-and-the-experiments-of-mit-and-michigan-university-in-the-universe-2025-part-a

[3] Saleh, Gh. "New Proof of Photon Velocity (V_T = 3.3 C) Utilising Mathematical Equations, Physical Laws and the Experiments of MIT and Michigan University in the Universe 2025 Part A." Saleh Theory, 26 Apr. 2025, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/a-new-proof-of-photon-velocity-vsubtsub-33-c-utilising-mathematical-equations-physical-laws-and-the-experiments-of-mit-and-michigan-university-in-the-universe-2025-part-a

[4] Saleh, Gh. "A New Proof of the Constancy of Photon Mass Using Its Initial Energy." Saleh Theory, 06 Mar. 2025, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/a-new-proof-of-the-constancy-of-photon-mass-using-its-initial-energy

[5] Saleh, Gh. "New Experiment Under Ordinary Conditions With Common Tools to Verify the Planck's Equation (Saleh Simple Experiment)." APS Meeting Abstracts. 2025.

[6] Saleh, Gh. "New Experiment Under Ordinary Conditions With Common Tools to Verify the Planck's Equation." Precision Atomic Physics Experiments to Probe for New Physics (2024): E1.

[7] Saleh, Gh. "A new equation for calculating the energy of electromagnetic waves." The Physical Society of Japan 2024 Spring Meeting. 2024.

[8] Saleh, Gh. "Discovery of the Hundred-Year-Old Lost Mathematical and Physical Relationship Between the Classical Kinetic Energy of Photons and Planck's Everlasting Experimental Equation in the Universe (Planck-Saleh Energy Equation)." Saleh Theory, 28 Jun. 2024, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/discovery-of-the-hundred-year-old-lost-mathematical-and-physical-relationship-between-the-classical-kinetic-energy-of-photons-and-plancks-everlasting-experimental-equation-in-the-universe-planck-saleh-energy-equation

[9] Saleh, Gh. "New Uncomplicated Experiment Under Ordinary Conditions (Time, Place, Sunlight, etc.) With Common Tools (Ordinary Lenses and Thermometers) to Demonstrate and Verify the Planck's Experimental Equation." Bulletin of the American Physical Society (2024).

[10] Saleh, Gh. "New Experiment Under Ordinary Conditions With Common Tools to Verify the Planck's Equation." Precision Atomic Physics Experiments to Probe for New Physics (2024): E1.

[11] Saleh, Gh. "New Uncomplicated Experiment Under Ordinary Conditions (Time, Place, Sunlight, etc.) With Common Tools (Ordinary Lenses and Thermometers) to Demonstrate and Verify the Planck's Experimental Equation." Saleh Theory, 10 Jul. 2024, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/new-uncomplicated-experiment-under-ordinary-conditions-time-place-sunlight-etc-with-common-tools-ordinary-lenses-and-thermometers-to-demonstrate-and-verify-the-plancks-experimental-equation

[12] Saleh, Gh. "A New Model to Represent the Photon Shape and Its Energy Equations." APS Southeastern Section Meeting Abstracts. Vol. 90. 2023.

[13] Saleh, Gh. "Proving the rotational motion of the photon using the photon energy equation." APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Meeting Abstracts. Vol. 2023. 2023.

[14] Saleh, Gh. "New Discoveries About the Speed of Electromagnetic Waves 2024 Part A." Saleh Theory, 12 Oct. 2023, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/new-discoveries-about-the-speed-of-electromagnetic-waves-2024-part-a

[15] Saleh, Gh. "New Discoveries About the Speed of Electromagnetic Waves 2024 Part B." Saleh Theory, 30 Oct. 2023, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/new-discoveries-about-the-speed-of-electromagnetic-waves-2024-part-b

[16] Saleh, Gh. "New Discoveries About the Speed of Electromagnetic Waves 2024 Part C." Saleh Theory, 06 Nov. 2023, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/new-discoveries-about-the-speed-of-electromagnetic-waves-2024-part-c

[17] Saleh, Gh. "New, Marvelous and Revolutionary Discoveries About Photon." Saleh Theory, 07 Sep. 2023, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/new-marvelous-and-revolutionary-discoveries-about-photon

[18] Saleh, Gh. "Photon Could Have the Rest Mass." 2023 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Power Engineering (AIPE). IEEE, 2023.

[19] Saleh, Gh. "Proving the Helical Motion of the Photon With Ten Reasons." APS New England Section Fall Meeting Abstracts. 2023.

[20] Saleh, Gh. "A New Explanation for the Motion of Photon; The Nested Helical Motion." APS New England Section Fall Meeting Abstracts. 2023.

[21] Saleh, Gh. "The Helical Motion of Photons; The Proof of Wave-Particle Duality of Photons." APS Meeting Abstracts. 2023.

[22] Saleh, Gh. "Proving the rotational motion of the photon using the photon energy equation." APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Meeting Abstracts. Vol. 2023. 2023.

[23] Saleh, Gh. "10 Great Reasons for Helical Motion of Photon." APS Meeting Abstracts. 2022.

[24] Saleh, Gh, et al. "3 Dimensional Motion of Photon and Its Energy." EPJ Web of Conferences. Vol. 238. EDP Sciences, 2020.

[25] Saleh, Gh, R. Alizadeh, and A. Dalili. "The relationship between the wavelength and evanescent intensity of a wave in optical fiber and the explanation of the structure of Photon as a new atom in Saleh Theory." International conference on Nanophotonics and Electronics (Nanophotonics2020. 2020.

[26] Saleh, Gh. "Photon has a Constant Rest Mass!." Saleh Theory, 16 Mar. 2018, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/photon-has-a-constant-rest-mass

[27] Saleh, Gh. "The Unseen World of Photon." Saleh Theory, 16 Jul. 2017, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/the-unseen-world-of-photon

[28] Saleh, Gh. "A Revolution in Light Theory." Saleh Theory, 11 Apr. 2017, https://www.saleh-theory.com/article/a-revolution-in-light-theory